Publications de recherche
Can the Knobe Effect Be Explained Away ? Methodological Controversies in the Study of the Relationship Between Intentionality and Morality
C2S - Cognition Santé Socialisation (EA 6291)
Florian Cova, Anthony Lantian, Jordane BoudesseulAnglais, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol.42, n°10, p.1295-1308, ethics/morality, morality, social cognition, social judgment,
Based on the “Knobe Effect,” Knobe has argued that moral evaluations can influence intentionality judgments. However, two methodological objections have been raised against this claim: first, that participants’ answers do not accurately reflect what they think and, second, that the Knobe Effect can be fully explained by non-moral factors, such as the agent’s desires or beliefs. In this article, we discuss these two methodological objections to the existence of the Knobe Effect and provide new evidence that moral evaluations can shape intentionality judgments. First, Study 1 shows that standard measures of intentionality do not overestimate participants’ intentionality judgments. Second, Studies 2 and 3 suggest that participants’ moral evaluations still mediate the impact of positive versus negative side-effects on judgments about intentional action, even when taking into account a whole range of non-moral factors. Results suggest that moral evaluations play an irreducible role in shaping our judgments about intentional action.
Well-being and occupational risk perception among health care workers: a multicenter study in Morocco and France
C2S - Cognition Santé Socialisation (EA 6291)
Doina Ileana Giurgiu, Christine Jeoffrion, Christine Roland-Lévy, Benjamin Grasset, Brigitte Keriven Dessomme, Leila Moret, et al.Anglais, Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Occupational stress, Risk exposure, High strain, Public hospital, Medication use,
Background
The study analyzes health care workers’ (HCWs) occupational risk perception and compares exposure to occupational risk factors in Moroccan and French hospitals.
Method
Across nine public hospitals from three Moroccan regions (north, center and south), a 49 item French questionnaire, based on the Job Content Questionnaire, and 4 occupational risks subscales, was distributed to 4746 HCWs. Internal consistency of the study was determined for each subscale. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the Moroccan questionnaire. Psychosocial job demand, job decision latitude and social support scores analysis was used to isolate high strain jobs. Occupational risks and high strain perception correlation were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. A comparative analysis between Moroccan and French (Nantes Hospitals) investigations data was performed.
Results
In Morocco, 2863 HCWs (60 %) answered the questionnaire (54 % women; mean age 40 years; mean work seniority 11 years; 24 % physicians; 45 % nurses). 44 % Moroccan HCWs are at high strain. Casablanca region (1.75 OR; CI: 1.34–2.28), north Morocco (1.66 OR; CI: 1.27–2.17), midwives (2.35 OR; 95 % CI 1.51–3.68), nursing aides (1.80 OR; 95 % CI: 1.09–2.95), full-time employment (1.34 OR; 95 % CI 1.06–1.68); hypnotics, sedatives use (1.48 OR; 95 % CI 1.19–1.83), analgesics use (1.40 OR; 95 % CI 1.18–1.65) were statistically associated to high strain. 44% Moroccan HCWs are at high strain versus 37 % French (Nantes) HCWs (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Moroccan HCWs have high strain activity. Moroccan HCWs and more Moroccan physicians are at high strain than Nantes HCWs. Moroccan and French’s results showed that full time workers, midwives, workers using hypnotics, and analgesics are at high strain. Our findings underscore out the importance of implementing a risk prevention plan and even a hospital reform. Further research, with an enlarged study pool will provide more information on psychosocial risks (PSR) and HCWs’ health.
Pubertal maturation, physical self-esteem and sexuality in a sample of French adolescents
C2S - Cognition Santé Socialisation (EA 6291)
Catherine Potard, Robert Courtois, Rene Clarisse, Nadine Le Floc'h, M. Thomine, Christian RéveillèreFrançais, LEncéphale : Revue de Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Thérapeutique, vol.42, n°2, p.138-143,
Conséquences de la saillance de modèles et contre-modèles. Les apports de la psychologie sociale
C2S - Cognition Santé Socialisation (EA 6291)
Lucie Finez, Sophie Berjot, Fabrice GabarrotFrançais, In F.Bort & M. Clouzot (Eds.), Modèles et contre-modèles :Approches pluridisciplinaires., Dijon, Editions Universitaires de Dijon, 2016,
Distinguishing the desire to learn from the desire to perform: The social value of achievement goals
C2S - Cognition Santé Socialisation (EA 6291)
Joanna Cohen, Céline Darnon, Patrick MollaretAnglais, Journal of Social Psychology, vol.16, p.1-17,
We sought to distinguish mastery goals (i.e., desire to learn) from performance goals (i.e., desire to achieve more positive evaluations than others) in the light of social judgment research. In a pilot study, we made a conceptual distinction between three types of traits (agency, competence, and effort) that are often undifferentiated. We then tested the relevance of this distinction for understanding how people pursuing either mastery or performance goals are judged. On self-perception, results revealed that effort was predicted by the adoption of mastery goals and agency by performance goals (Study 1). On judgments, results showed that (a) the target pursuing mastery goals was perceived as oriented toward effort, and (b) the target pursuing performance goals was oriented toward agency (Study 2). Finally, these links were shown again by participants who inferred a target’s goals from his traits (Study 3). Results are discussed in terms of the social value of achievement goals at school.
How is the economic crisis socially assessed ?
C2S - Cognition Santé Socialisation (EA 6291)
Christine Roland-Lévy, Ruxanda Kmiec, Jérémy LemoineAnglais, Social Science Information, vol.55, n°2, p.235-254,
Based on the Social Representation Theory, the purpose of this article is to explore how lay-people consider both the economic crisis and risk, and to link these social representations to behavior. The article offers an original approach with the articulation of two studies about the social construction of risk and crises. It also contributes to the development of research methods for studying the connections between representations and practical implications. Based on this, the impact of the social representation of the crisis on the perceived ability to act is approached. The first study focuses on free-association tasks, with two distinct target terms: ‘risk’ and ‘crisis’. The structural approach, with a prototypical analysis, allowed the identification of two different representations: (1) for risk, ‘danger’ is the central element; (2) for crisis, ‘economy’ and ‘money’ constitute the main components of the representation. The second study investigates the links between the two previously detected structures and their relations with the perceived ability to act in a financial crisis context. Some aspects of social knowledge were found to have an impact on perceived ability to act.
The influence of body-related beliefs on sportmens body image and muscle dysmorphia: The role of body malleability
C2S - Cognition Santé Socialisation (EA 6291)
Greg Décamps, Sophie Berjot, Romain Simon, Martin HaggerAnglais, The European Health Psychologist, vol.18, n°1, p.29-34,
Muscle dysmorphia has been described as a special form of body dissatisfaction, specific of males, associated with intense physical activity. If some studies explored its relations with other variables, its psychological predictors still remain to be determined. According to the findings which showed that specific body-related-beliefs (i.e. considering the body as malleable) are related to high levels of involvement in body activities, this research aims at testing the relations between body image, body malleability and muscle dysmorphia. In this study, these three factors were assessed using self-evaluation questionnaires among a 137 male sportsmen sample. When predicting muscle dysmorphia, regression analysis indicates a significant negative interaction between body image and body malleability: a negative body perception predicts muscle dysmorphia only when sportsmen have high scores in body malleability beliefs. This result is discussed in order to improve the understanding of muscle dysmorphia and its prevention.
Self-affirmation and an incongruent drinking norm: Alcohol abuse prevention messages targeting young people
C2S - Cognition Santé Socialisation (EA 6291)
Dimitri Voisin, Fabien Girandola, Mathieu David, Marie-Anastasie AimAnglais, Self and Identity, vol.15, n°3, p.262-282,
Many health campaigns are designed to reduce dangerous binge drinking by challenging the drinking perceived norm. Both information about health risks and statements that only a few people binge drink (descriptive norm) threaten self-integrity for individuals targeted. So, to combat this self-threat and preserve their positive self-integrity, drinkers discredit the message as a coping strategy. An alternative to the coping strategy is a procedure of self-affirmation to protect self-integrity. Across three experiments, we found that self-affirmation does indeed reduce (Experiment 1) or delete (Experiments 2 and 3) discrediting, but only provided that there is no normative information in the health message. Individuals continued to use the discrediting strategy despite the fact that the participants were self-affirmed when they are told that few people binge drink among their age group. The theoretical implications for self-affirmation are discussed.
Affirmer la composante du soi menacée en situation d'hypocrisie
C2S - Cognition Santé Socialisation (EA 6291)
Dimitri VoisinFrançais, Journées thématiques de l'ADRIPS : La Dissonance : Quels Enjeux ? Quelles Pratiques aujourd'hui ?, Aix-en-Provence, France,
Sexualité et perturbation de la relation à lautre : différenciation et complémentarité de soi
C2S - Cognition Santé Socialisation (EA 6291)
Catherine PotardFrançais, Sexologies, vol.24, n°4, p.183-186,
La sexualité n’est pas réductible à une somme de comportements et de savoirs, la relation à l’autre joue un rôle décisif dans la détermination des pratiques sexuelles. Il s’agit d’aborder l’accession à la sexualité génitale comme découlant d’une unification des fonctions de sexualité et d’intimité. Un des buts de ces fonctions est d’accepter les enjeux de la différence et de la complémentarité avec soi. Dans ce cadre, la sexualité peut convoquer les formes les plus archaïques d’angoisses (incorporation, intrusion, dévoration par l’autre…). Instrumentalisation du courant sensuel ou idéalisation du courant tendre sont alors les principales difficultés psychoaffectives rencontrées.